From Telautograph To iPad: 123 Years Of Tablet PCs

Continued from page 1

Even though Apple CEO Steve Jobs would end up killing the Newton in 1997, the device retains a cult following. Whether organising a “to do” list or cycling through contacts, Newton represented yet another take on the same vision posited by PenPoint OS and the similar software emerging at that time: the ability to manipulate digital assets in ways familiar to anyone who ever used a pen and paper.

For at least the last year of its official life, the Newton also found itself locked in competition with Palm, perhaps the most famous early producer of PDAs. Powered by Palm OS, the devices relied on a stylus-supported graphical interface.

Microsoft was also exploring touch technology, eventually releasing Windows for Pen Computing for Windows 3.1x as a sort of counterstrike to the PenPoint OS. The company would continue to update the software throughout the 1990s. Years later, Microsoft found itself the target of lawsuits alleging it had tried to destroy Go Corporation in the early 1990s.

‘The Most Popular Form of PC Sold in America’

Speaking at Comdex in November, 2001, Microsoft’s Bill Gates demonstrated prototypes of a tablet PC, predicting the form factor would become immensely popular within five years. The size of a legal pad, the device ran Windows XP and included applications such as Autodesk’s CAD software and Groove’s collaboration platform.

“The PC took computing out of the back office and into everyone’s office,” he told the audience. “The Tablet takes cutting-edge PC technology and makes it available wherever you want it, which is why I’m already using a Tablet as my everyday computer. It’s a PC that is virtually without limits — and within five years I predict it will be the most popular form of PC sold in America.”

Microsoft upgraded its stylus-based input software with Windows XP Tablet PC edition, originally released in 2002, with a service-pack upgrade in 2005. Despite Gates’ prediction, however, tablet PCs remained largely a tool of niche industries, such as healthcare, stubbornly refusing to break into the mainstream.

Other companies, however, were thinking about how to make tablet PCs a mass-consumer item.

“I had this idea about having a glass display, a multitouch display,” Apple’s CEO told The Wall Street Journal’s Walt Mossberg during the D8 Conference in June 2010. “I asked our people about it. And six months later, they came back with this amazing display…and I thought, ‘My god, we can build a phone with this.”

That process eventually led to the iPhone, which Apple released in the summer of 2007. When the smartphone proved a success (followed later by the iPod Touch, essentially the iPhone without a 3G connection), the company undertook developing a full-fledged tablet. The stylus was abandoned in favour of your finger.

Apple released the iPad in April 2010. By the time Jobs spoke at the D8 Conference, the 9.7-inch tablet had sold some 2 million units, and in the process igniting a mad scramble among Apple’s rivals to produce a competing device. Within months, Research In Motion had announced it would produce a BlackBerry-themed tablet, the PlayBook, based on a proprietary QNX operating system. Samsung, meanwhile, produced the 7-inch Galaxy Tab, running the Google Android operating system.

During a keynote address at the Consumer Electronics Show in January, 2010, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer presented a tablet built by Hewlett-Packard. “Almost as portable as a phone, but powerful as a PC running Windows 7,” he said. “The emerging category of PCs should take advantage of the touch and portability capabilities.”

The tablet PC in his hands, he added, would have the ability to surf the web, display e-books, and play multimedia content. As 2010 wore on, though, HP’s $1.2 billion acquisition of Palm, and its webOS operating system for portable devices, may have complicated Microsoft’s tablet plans; when finally released near the end of the year, the Windows 7-equipped HP Slate 500 was aimed at the enterprise and, rumour had it, was produced only in limited quantities. At the same time, further talk suggested that HP’s attentions had focused on porting webOS onto tablets.

Continued on page 3